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Research

Research examines the machinery behind published science: who funds a study, how peer review is conducted, which results get replicated, and why papers are withdrawn. Coverage includes publication bias and the career incentives shaping research questions. Written for scientists, students and readers assessing how much weight a paper deserves.

Diverse trial participants speaking with coordinators in a hospital corridor
Research

How a clinical trial arm actually works

Every arm of a randomized trial is a predefined group living under one rule, and the comparison between arms, not any single result, is what a trial actually measures.

By Tobias Lange • December 30, 2025